Brain wave is a common term that can be easily found in Science books/newspapers or can be heard from doctors and researchers. Have you ever thought what exactly Brain waves are? How are they produced? What is their role in day-to-day life and how do they affect us?Let me take you through a roller coaster ride exploring Brain Waves alongside its features, types, characteristics, and other details. Brain Wave is among the few technologies the world is researching these days. There are a lot of potential techniques in this field and it may solve many of our future problems.
Understanding NeuroSky EEG Chip in Detail (Part 2/13)
Now that we know the basics of Brainwaves and the sensor on which we are working, it’s time to learn about the brain of this brain wave sensor. The main part of any device is its processing part and in the case of Mindflex Sensor, it’s the NeuroSky EEG Chip.Let’s move on to the details so as to know what the chip contains and how does it work.
Performing Experiments with Brainwaves (Part 3/13)
Till now we have seen the working of the EEG chip and we are also aware of our sensor. So now it is the time to do some experiments and gain some practical knowledge on brain waves.In this first experiment, we will try to hack the EEG signals. For this, we need to make some arrangements so that we can easily measure the signals.
Amplification of EEG Signal and Interfacing with Arduino (Part 4/13)
Now that we have discussed all the basics of the Brain wave along with the introduction of Brain wave sensor, it’s time to move onto the subsequent topics. In this article, we will see how the Brain wave chip works, what should be the expected algorithm inside the sensor and what should we do to make such a sensor on our own with any micro controller or processor.
Controlling Led brightness using Meditation and attention level (Part 5/13)
Presently, I am thinking of changing something depending on my attention and meditation level, say the brightness of a small LED. We will be controlling the brightness of an LED using the attention and meditation levels of our Brain at any particular time. We will be using Arduino UNO and mindflex sensor which we have chosen to read the brain wave and an LED to show the results. We are changing the brightness of the LED which can be easily controlled using PWM technique.
Control Motor’s Speed using Meditation and Attention Level of Brain (Part 6/13)
After controlling the brightness of LED with brain’s meditation and attention level, let’s move on to more applications on Brain Wave. Since the resolution in the earlier experiment was not clear, we will now try a different experiment to get a clearer picture. In this article, I am again thinking of changing something which can give us a more clear understanding about the variations, say a DC motor. Here, we will control the speed of a motor using attention and meditation levels of our brain at any particular time. We will be using Arduino UNO and mindflex sensor to read brain waves and a MOTOR to show the results. We can also use an amplifier before the DC motor to see more variations in the speed.
How to determine whether a Person is sleeping through Brain waves (Part 7/13)
Previously in the Brain waves applications, we worked on controlling the speed of the motor using the attention level of the brain. Now, it is time to check our study for some more real-time applications to detect if Brain wave can actually be used in day-to-day life or not. Presently in this article, I am planning to trigger something related to any type of Brain wave. In real life, often we may want to know if the patient (possibly our close one) is sleeping or not. So, I have tried to make a device using Brainwave through which I can find out if the person is sleeping with the help of a message/call.
Servo Control using Brain Wave (Part 12/13)
After applying brainwaves to the RGB LEDs, now it is time to check extensions on some more real time applications and determine the efficiency as well as flexibility that can be achieved using this module. I am now planning to use it in some robotic field now. In this article, I am planning to make use of Brain Wave for some health applications along with robotics. While studying about robotic arms, I found that they are controlled by servo motor. What if we can control the servo motor using our Brainwave? I was not sure about this as the results of Brainwave are often random and I wanted to check if we can control the angle by our thoughts. So, to check the accuracy I gave it a try.
Introduction to brainwaves & their types
Brain wave is a common term that can be easily found in Science books/newspapers or can be heard from doctors and researchers. Have you ever thought what exactly Brain waves are? How are they produced? What is their role in day-to-day life and how do they affect us?Let me take you through a roller coaster ride exploring Brain Waves alongside its features, types, characteristics, and other details. Brain Wave is among the few technologies the world is researching these days. There are a lot of potential techniques in this field and it may solve many of our future problems.
Performing Experiments with Brainwaves (Part 3/13)
Till now we have seen the working of the EEG chip and we are also aware of our sensor. So now it is the time to do some experiments and gain some practical knowledge on brain waves.In this first experiment, we will try to hack the EEG signals. For this, we need to make some arrangements so that we can easily measure the signals.
Bistable Mode of 555 Timer
Most of you must have heard about 555 Timer IC. It is most widely used in circuits where oscillation, timer, pulse generation, etc are required. 555 Timer can be used to provide time delays and square pulses. It carries three main operating modes namely Monostable, Astable, and Bistable. Each mode represents a different type of circuit that has a particular output. This IC can also be used to make NOT gate
Making Astable Multivibrator using 555 Timer IC
In this article I will show you how to make astable multi-vibrator with 555 timer IC. It is an 8 pin IC used in producing delays, vibrations, oscillations, etc.This IC generally works in three different modes that are :1. Astable Mode2. Bistable Mode3. Monostable Mode
Building an Electronic Piano using 555 Timer IC
In this article, I will guide you to make your own Electronic Piano using 555 timer IC and few Components like Resistor and Capacitor. An electronic Piano is a musical instrument which is used to generate different frequencies. For this purpose, I have used 555 timer IC, which has 8 pins and is used in producing delays, vibrations, oscillations, etc.
Transistor Modes
Transistor biasing is the process of setting the operating voltage across the transistor terminals. BJT (Bipolar junction transistor) has two junctions, one is base-emitter junction and another one is base-collector junction. Depending on the forward and backward biasing of this junction, there are three modes of the transistor. The transistor base to emitter junction depends upon its threshold voltage. When base to emitter voltage level drops below this threshold voltage, the transistor goes into its Cutoff State. When base to emitter voltage level is above this threshold voltage then the transistor is either in its Saturation State or Active State. Theoretically, the value of threshold voltage of the diode is 0.7V but practically, it is 0.65V.
Working of OR Gate using Transistor
OR gate gives high at the output when either of the inputs is high or both the inputs are high, otherwise it gives low.The use of transistor for OR gate operation depends on the transistor’s switching speed. For OR gate operation, we use a transistor as a switch.The BC547 is used here in common emitter configuration. This transistor utilizes the low power and also has low-frequency. In the common emitter configuration, transistor gives a phase shift of 180 degrees. Due to change in 180 degree in phase shift, it is able to give high at the output when our input is low and vice-versa. The biasing of the transistor is done in a way so that the operating point of the transistor comes closer to the origin in the transfer-characteristic curve of the transistor. This causes an immediate switching of the transistor from its cutoff to saturation state. Hence when we apply enough voltage at the base of the transistor, it immediately reaches into its saturation state and the transistor starts conducting
Working of NOT Gate using transistor
The NOT gate is the basic logic gate among all the gates. It gives only one output which is the negation value of the corresponding input. When the input is forced to low value it gives high value at the output and vice – versa.A transistor is used for switching or amplification purpose. Due to this property, we are using it as a switch for NOT gate operation. The transistor used for the design of logic gates depends upon the transistor’s switching speed. There are three modes of transistor operation namely Active mode, Saturation mode and Cut off mode. Out of these, we are using Saturation mode and Cut off mode for NOT gate design
Astable Multivibrator- Working and Principles
Multivibrators are another form of oscillators. Oscillator is an electronic circuit that is capable of maintaining AC signal at the output. It can generate a square wave, ramp or pulse waveforms. For oscillation, the oscillator must fulfill two Barkhausen conditions: The loop gain must be slightly greater than unity The loop phase shift must be 0 degrees or 360 degree
AND Gate using Transistor
AND gate gives high at the output only when all the inputs are high otherwise, it gives low.The use of transistor for AND gate operation depends on the transistor switching speed. For AND gate operation we use transistor as a switch.
Introduction of TRIAC
TRIAC i.e. Triode for Alternating Current is a three terminal semiconductor device for controlling current. The TRIAC is an ideal device to be used for AC switching applications because it can control the current flow over both halves of an alternating cycle. The bi-directionality makes TRIACs very convenient switches for alternating current circuits, also allowing them to control very large power flows with milliampere-scale gate currents. It is possible to view the operation of a TRIAC in terms of two thyristors placed back to back.
Analysing Values of Different Wave types on Arduino (Part 13/13)
In this Brain wave series till now we have seen few real time applications on Brain Wave like controlling servo motor. Now presently I am planning to analyse the values of different wave types. So, I am just thinking to show the values on arduino serial monitor. I have just connected the arduino with my computer and trying to see the values on screen.