Usman ali Butt

One of the most important elements of any aquarium is oxygen. Even though water is part oxygen, it’s bonded with hydrogen, which is tough to separate and breathe in — even for fish. In open streams and oceans, oxygen is dissolved in the water through the open air, rainfall, and the flow of the tide.…

In this tutorial, we will learn how to hack a TV (television) remote using Arduino. TV remote communicates with TV using infrared rays. Encoded commands and transmitted by remote, TV internal circuitry decodes them and performs an action on received commands. On the front of the remote, we have an IR led which emits IR…

Gesture recognition is a heavily studied and experimented topic around the globe. Tech companies are aggressively spending resources to get a breakthrough. Pushbutton and touch technology is in use for quite a long time. New and better technology is key to capture the market. This made the entire tech industry focus on new technologies. Among…

In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to build a do-it-yourself (DIY) metal detector using a proximity sensor with Arduino. Many similar projects use a coil and transistor, but it’s possible to use a proximity sensor instead of a coil. You’ll simply notice a difference in the range and power consumption. The range of proximity sensor…

In this tutorial, we’ll learn how to send a text message using an STM32 microcontroller and SIM900 GSM module. The SIM900 can communicate with an external controller by using the universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART) interface. This means that any controller with a UART module can “talk” with the module. Fortunately, most STM32 microcontrollers have one…

In this tutorial, we’ll learn how to measure frequency by using microcontrollers. Unfortunately, microcontrollers are not equipped with frequency-measurement functions. So, for this project to be a success, we’ll need to interface multiple microcontroller peripherals before we can sufficiently measure the frequency of an external signal. Two of the most common methods for measuring the…

The idea of noninvasive current measurement is not new. Commercial devices are available which can measure current without any physical contact. However, the topic was not popular among the DIY community because of the complexity and nonexistence of the compact non-invasive sensors, which could be studied at low power. Luckily, we have small and reliable…

This tutorial will teach how to use and program HMI (Human Machine Interface) display.HMI displays have been in the market for quite a long time, but their price dropped for the last two years, and now DIY makers are using them in projects. Note that HMI display is different from touch display. Touch display only…

A flex sensor is a variable resistor, which measures the amount of deflection or bending it undergoes. The bending or molding of the sensor is what affects its resistance and this is what differentiates it from a standard, variable resistor. A flex sensor’s resistance is directly proportional to the amount of bend that occurs. Its…

An oximeter is a device that measures the amount of oxygen carried by a person’s red blood cells. Oxygen provides energy for our bodies, supports the immune system, helps replace cells that degrade, and more. Low blood oxygen levels can indicate certain health issues. These levels can also decrease as we age, so it can…

LiDAR, or “light detection and ranging,” is a remote-sensing method that uses light in laser form to measure distances or ranges. LiDAR has been used for decades although there are more recent advancements in the technology. These include laser scanning and processing speeds that make 3D mapping possible and accessible. This technique uses light (precise…

BME680 is a multi-purpose digital sensor, developed by Bosch after years of research, which can measure temperature, humidity, gas, and barometric pressure. Communication with this sensor is possible via the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) and I2C protocols. The temperature and barometric pressure accuracy are +-1 and the humidity is +-3. The gases are measured as…

This tutorial is about building a DIY audio player using Arduino. Today audio players can commonly be found across many electronic products. Almost every mobile has an audio player. Audio technology gets a drastic improvement with rapid development in silicon technology. Previously audio data was stored on tape devices and CDs. But now, Flash memories…

In this tutorial, we’ll learn how to detect fire or a flame using Arduino. Since fire generates heat, it’s possible to measure it via a sensor that tracks the temperature of the environment and converts it into data that can be monitored. However, a temperature sensor is not always a reliable solution for distinguishing fire…

In this tutorial, we’ll learn the basics of “heat vision” and how to interface a thermal-imaging camera with Arduino. Of course, humans cannot see heat directly, but objects do give off infrared radiation at a certain temperature. Although infrared light is invisible to the naked eye, a thermal camera can detect it. A thermal camera…

Spy cameras are mainly used for surveillance activities and to ensure safety. They may also be used for commercial purposes, such as to monitor for theft or break-ins at a store or workplace. Typical cameras are bulky and can be easily be spotted. However, it’s possible to integrate them into another object. To fit one…

In this tutorial, we’ll learn how to measure main-line voltage using a low-cost potential transformer. A potential transformer reduces a high-voltage circuit to a lower-level voltage for the purpose of measurement. It’s been used in the energy sector for decades. These transformers are typically big and bulky, so this do-it-yourself (DIY) project will incorporate one…

Executing a mathematical equation just by pressing a single compile button seems an easy task. There are plenty of computations behind execution by ALU, compiler, linker, and various other peripherals. The equation is translated and broken into smaller instructions. Instructions require resources to execute. Resources are memory, registers, adders, multipliers, and shifters, etc. On the…

Security systems work by measuring different physical parameters. One such parameter is sound. Every moving object produces sound and vibrations. These sounds and vibrations can be sampled, and the object can be identified. Sampling sound waves and training the system to distinguish between objects requires plenty of time. For this tutorial, let’s take a simple…

With the replacement of vacuum tubes by transistors, switching between logic states with a minute amount of power consumption and in a relatively smaller space became possible. This article will focus on logic switching. Not much has changed with electrical switching technologies, although there have been some innovations around various techniques to switch electrical loads.…