Handheld devices like a cell phone, palmtop and laptop were rapidly becoming an integral part of our daily lives. In most cases, these devices do not have compatible data communication interfaces, or, if they do, the interface requires cumbersome cable connections and configuration procedures. Isn’t it absolutely fantastic to connect your PC to share music, data and calendar info without using any wires? Or to wirelessly access phone numbers on your PDA from your cell phone. 

In the previous tutorial, the basics of Wireless Sensor Networks were discussed. It was mentioned that WSN can utilize many wireless standards and protocols to enable sensor communication with a cloud or server. It was also mentioned that wireless sensors communicate to a cloud or server with the help of a Gateway which performs protocol conversion for the wireless network. Zigbee is one of the standard and protocol which is generally used for WSN deployed in industrial applications.  

Bluetooth is a popular wireless technology standard designed for data exchange over short distances. Bluetooth is so common that it’s now the part of smartphones and comes in lots of embedded devices. Many wearable devices also use Bluetooth to pair with their accessories or co-devices. The Bluetooth interface uses UHF Radio wave in ISM band from 2.4 GHz to 2.485 GHz. It was invented by telecom vendor Ericsson in 1994 and developed by Bluetooth Special Interest Group.

In this tutorial, I am going to measure DC current using Acs712 Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor and arduino uno. Acs712 can measure current precisely and accurately if properly managed. I have gone through various blogs on internet about interfacing acs712 current sensor with arduino and other microcontrollers. I found that all of them are…

Selecting components is one of the most essential and critical processes when designing any electronic system. Poor component selection can lead to many problems within the design, PCB layout, power budget, etc. In this article, we will discuss how to select a component for a low-power-optimized design. Resistor The power dissipated by a resistor is…

In this mini DIY project, we will build a 2.1-channel home theater system of 100 W with a deep base and crystal-clear sound output at a very low cost of 1200/- to 1500/- Rupees only. Big speaker systems like 2.1 / 4.1 / 5.1-channel, home theater systems with Bluetooth connectivity and excellent quality sound (crystal…

One of the main attractions of the Raspberry Pi platform is its camera module. At present, Raspberry Pi Foundation offers three camera modules: • Camera Module 2 • Camera Module 2 NoIR • Raspberry Pi High-Quality Camera The camera module 2 is a replacement for the original camera module in April 2016. The V2 module…

In the previous tutorial, we learned about the sequences and unordered collections in Python, including the operations, functions, and methods applicable to them. However, there can be more complex data structures in an application, which are known as user-defined classes and objects. Any application uses data (values/objects/user-defined classes/objects) and code behavior (how the data is…

In the previous tutorial, we learned about the object-oriented features of Python, which are important for organizing code and structuring our applications. Now, let’s discuss how to design graphic interfaces in Python. Embedded applications developed on microcontrollers typically have LEDs, character LCDs, or small graphic LCDs as display devices. However, these displays do not have…

In the previous tutorial, we learned about the window widget in Tkinter and designed a blank GUI main window (which is not a child to any other window in the GUI application). Child windows serve as a container for other widgets There is no point of blank windows so there must be other widgets included…

In the previous tutorial, we learned about basic syntax and several elements of Python’s language. Python offers six types of sequences: strings, bytes, byte arrays, range, tuples, and lists. Importantly, the strings, bytes, range, and tuples are immutable sequences that cannot be modified once defined. It’s only possible to create or destroy these sequences. This…

Manufacturing or processing industries, like textile, chemical, pharmaceutical, and others, have many continuous processes that require monitoring and keeping a record of different physical parameters like temperature, humidity, pH, moisture, flow, viscosity, etc. So, all such parameters are continuously displayed and stored in mainframe computers. Modern industries have DCS and SCADA systems to monitor, store…

Filters are used in various fields including telecommunications where bandpass filters are used in speech recognition and modems in the audio frequency range (0 Hz to 20KHz). In the central telephone offices, high-frequency (hundreds of MHz)bandpass filters are used for channel selection. In data acquisition systems, low-pass noise filters and anti-aliasing low-pass filters are required…

In this article, we will learn about various filter responses. A filter response helps to understand the difference between a filter’s input signal and output signal. Keeping an eye on filter responses is necessary to analyze their behaviors. To have a better understanding of the processed signal, it is important to analyze that signal and…

Filtering is a technique used to retain the wanted components and remove the unwanted components from the input signal of the system. In signal processing, this can be done by filtering out all other frequencies while retaining a specific frequency range. The signal can be filtered by using two types of filters: software and hardware.…

Everyone must be familiar with the term – Switched Mode Power Supply or SMPS. Yes, they are used in every personal computer. In fact, the Switched Mode Power Supply is widely used with many other devices. Once it is understood that what SMPS actually is, its countless applications can be easily imagined.  

The power supply is the mainstay for every electronic device. As the name suggests power supply are power providers for any circuit. Every electronic circuitry needs a proper power supply at the input for its optimum result at the output. We need to choose the power supply of any device or circuit as per the power requirements of the device. In this experiment, we are making an adjustable power supply, which will give voltage in the range of +/- 1.25 V to +/-22V with 1A as maximum current.

As the name suggests power supply are power providers for any circuit. Every electronic circuitry needs a proper power supply at the input for its optimum result at the output. We need to choose the power supply of any device or circuit as per the power requirements of the device. In this experiment, we are making an adjustable power supply, which will give voltage in a range of 0 – 15V with 1A as maximum current

The electronic devices are very sensitive to the fluctuations in the power fed to them. This problem can be solved by using regulated power supply for them. This [[wysiwyg_imageupload::]]project about power supply circuit is equipped with an adjustable voltage regulator to adjust the output in accordance with the requirement. Adjustable voltage regulators have both line and load regulation which is better than standard fixed regulators. The circuit is made using following active and passive electronic components:  1.      Bridge Rectifier2.      Resistors3.      Capacitors 4.      Variable Resistors.5.      Linear Voltage Regulator IC

The major concern in driving the LED is about the constant DC supply at the input of LED. Any unwanted fluctuation in the voltage at the input of LED can damage it. The excess flow of current through LED greater than the LED forward current rating can increase its temperature and this will damage the LED. Therefore the role of constant voltage LED supply is very important in this scenario. In this experiment, a driver circuit is designed which gives a constant voltage of 12V at the output with maximum current of 1A.