In the previous tutorial, Zigbee technology and its application in building Wireless Sensor Networks was discussed. In this tutorial, learn to perform simple Client to Client Communication over Zigbee Protocol. There will be two Xbee modules taken and will be configured to communicate data with each other over the air. The Xbee devices communicate with each other wirelessly over the air. They do not have any microcontroller or processor in themselves, so they cannot manage the received or sent data.
IoT Communication between two devices over Zigbee Protocol : IoT Part 37
In the previous tutorial, communication between two PCs was setup over Zigbee Protocol using Xbee modules and XCTU software. In this tutorial, two Xbee module based IoT devices will be designed and configured to communicate with each other over Zigbee protocol. One of these devices in the Zigbee network will be a Coordinator device and the other will be a Router device. The coordinator device will control LED interfaced at the Router device.
Controlling LED Light over Zigbee API Mode : IOT Part 38
In the previous tutorial, IoT communication between two devices over Zigbee protocol was demonstrated using two Xbee modules. The two modules were communicating with each other automatically without any human intervention. The two modules were also operating in transparent mode in the previous project. In this project, an LED light controller is designed where one device controls the LED interfaced at other by communicating data in API mode. In this tutorial, two Xbee module based IoT devices will be designed and configured to communicate with each other over Zigbee protocol
Really Small Message Broker : IOT Part 40
In the previous tutorial, basics of MQTT-SN protocol were discussed. It was mentioned that an MQTT-SN Gateway needs to communicate with an MQTT-SN Broker. The MQTT-SN brokers are little different from MQTT Brokers. Really Small Message Broker is one of the popular MQTT-SN brokers. Really small message broker (aka RSMB) is a light-weight, low-overhead messaging MQ telemetry transport broker (version 3 or 3.1) or MQTT-SN broker. It is a pub/sub based broker. It allows messaging to and from tiny devices such as sensors and actuators over networks that are constrained in terms of low bandwidth, limited processing capabilities and varying reliability.
Adjustable Constant Current Source (Part 13/13)
A constant current source is used to provide a constant current regardless of the input voltage and output load. These type of circuits are also used as a current limiter. Most electronic devices have a maximum current rating and if current above that rating is drawn by it, the device may get damaged or not work properly. Therefore a lot of times constant current power supplies are required to operate electronic devices. In this project, an adjustable constant current source which supplies 25 mA constant current at the output regardless of load resistance and the input voltage is designed.
ATtiny85 microcontroller tutorials, Part 3: Building LED blinking application using ATtiny85
In the previous tutorial, we learned we need the following hardware and software tools to build any application using ATtiny85. Arduino IDE software USB SPI AVR programmer PROGISP software So let us build the first LED blinking, “hello world” application for the ATtiny85 microcontroller. Open Arduino IDE. Open LED blinking example from file->example->basic->blink Modify the…
Controlling Servo Motor with Stm32f103 microcontroller using stm32cubemx code configurator by STMicroelectronics and keil uvision 5 ide for cortex m1 series microcontrollers
This tutorial is a part of series of tutorials on pwm(pulse width modulation) signal generation with stm32f103 microcontroller. Previously we looked upon how to generate pwm signal with stm32 microcontroller using keil uvision 5 ide and stm32cubemx code configurator. We moved forward on generating variable pwm signal using internal timers of stm32f103 microcontroller. We studied about generating pwm, now…
Dc motor speed and direction control with stm32f103 microcontroller and l293d motor driver
In this tutorial i am going to teach you how to control speed of dc motor using stm32 microcontroller and l293d half h bridge control ic. Dc motors are common motors you see in your houses(DC water pumps, DC fans), toys etc. DC motors rotate at a constant speed but their speed can be varied…
Swapping Workspace in Ubuntu using Accelerometer and Python Script
In this project I’ll demonstrate swapping of workspace in ubuntu using accelerometer and python script. I am using wmctrl command that will take arguments according to the accelerometer values.On hardware level this project is similar to Controlling Mouse Pointer using Python Script and Accelerometer you can check it out here.Python libraries that are being used are Pyserial, subprocess and sys. Pyserial is used to communicate between arduino and my machine. Subprocess is used to execute bash commands in python script and sys is used to exit program using try and except block.
Op-amp Tutorial 1 : Basics, amplifier structure, testing 741 IC
An amplifier is a circuit which can produce an output voltage, which is the product of input voltage with a value called voltage gain. An op-amp (operational amplifier) is a kind of amplifier circuit which can perform an operation (addition, subtraction etc.) on the input voltages, apart from simply amplifying the input. It is an electronic…
Op-amp Tutorial 2 : Features of inverting and non-inverting input and application
Features of inverting and non-inverting pins The dependency of the output with the inverting and non-inverting pin can be simply explained as below, If the inverting pin is high compared to other pin, the output is negative If the non-inverting pin is high compared to other pin, the output is positive This pecularity of…
Op-amp Tutorial 3 : Astable multivibrator, negative feedback
Astable multivibrator using op amp Astable multivibrator is an electronic device which can continuously shift between its two states with respect to the output. If the output corresponding to one particular state is high, then the output corresponding to the other state is low. This nature of the circuit is useful in producing continuous output…
Op-amp Tutorial 4 : voltage follower, loudness & level indicator, comparato
Op amp as a Voltage follower Voltage follower is a negative feedback op-amp amplifier circuit. It acts like emitter follower configuration of transistor based amplifiers. They provide unity gain to the applied input signals. Unity gain means the output voltage will be exactly equal in magnitude with the input voltage. Fig. 1: Circuit Diagram of…
Wireless Robot Control Using RF Module (11/23)
Robotics has always been captivating. There are many kinds of robots and robotic applications including the one deployed for automation. Though due to common perception, when the term “Robot” is called out, the common masses imagine of the “Moving Robots”. And it is not uncommon that one may imagine of a Line-following robot, Light follower, Waiter Robot or Remote Controlled Car when it means to say “Robot”. While a lot of these “Moving Robots” have an autonomous mode of locomotion like a line following robot follows black strips through IR sensors to find through its path, a waiter robot follows programmatically predefined paths and light following robot chases a light source, a class of robots is remote controlled through a human interface.
LDR Based Wireless Theft Alarm System (Part 12/23)
There are many kinds of anti-theft alarm systems. One such system can be made using Light Dependent Resistors (LDR). An LDR based alarm system can be used to protect lockers or locker rooms. In such a system, the LDR sensor is attached to an alarm mechanism and a light source or laser light source is fixed above the sensor in a closed casing. When a locker or locker room is tried to be accessed unethically, the laser light is activated and it in turns stimulates the LDR sensor to invoke alarm. This project illustrates similar alarm mechanism except that instead of building it on product style casing, the circuit has been made on breadboard for demonstration purpose
Home Automation using RF Module (Part 13/23)
Home automation is the latest craze. Remote controlling every electrical and electronic appliance on a handheld remote is a comfort for sure. Obviously, a home automation application is not feasible without a wireless interface between the handheld remote and appliances..
Home Automation – Automatic Valve for Water Supplies (Part 14/23)
Home automation is the new trend picking up these days in many households. With home automation every electrical and electronics appliance used in home gets remote controlled. Along with remote controlling lights, fans, air conditioners and kitchen appliances, regulation of water supplies is also a part of home automation projects. This project is a demonstration of similar automated water supplies regulation by placing an electronically automated valve to the water tanks. The valves at the opening of the tank’s pipeline restrict the flow of water from it by contracting and closing the pipe’s opening. The typical valves need to be operating manually by opening or closing the valve through rotating the valve handle.
Interfacing RF Module with 8051 Microcontroller- (Part 15/45)
This project is about interfacing RF (Radio Frequency) module with the 8051 microcontroller. These RF 1modules help us in sending and receiving the data wirelessly up to certain distance. This provides us the ease of wireless data transferring. There are many forms of wireless technologies which can transfer the data such as Bluetooth modules, ZigBee modules, and Wi-Fi modules.RF is one of them. It’s a lot cheaper and works quite well for small scale projects. These modules are really easy to deal with. They jus1t require the data to be transferred serially and VCC+GND supply of course.
Wireless Water Level Indicator (Part 16/23)
Water is the first necessity of all mankind and humans have been smart enough to keep storage of it. Water tanks have been common in the households since the civilizations started advancing. Almost all the modern households have underground or roof-top water tanks these days and these tanks are filled with water through AC motors. An AC motor does its work but is not smart enough to detect water levels and start or stop on its own accordingly. This project is all about adding the intelligence to the water regulation system of a household.
ATtiny85 microcontroller tutorials, Part 1: Introduction
ATtiny85 microcontroller is a very popular 8-bit RISC microcontroller. It has become the first choice for professionals and developers because of its incredible features in such a small size. As its name suggests, it’s a tiny 8-pin (PDIP) microcontroller with almost all required features that any microcontroller should have such as built-in FLASH, EEPROM, SRAM,…