All of us probably are aware about the fact that the magnets create magnetic fields; earth has a magnetic field; current flowing in a wire also generate magnetic field. But have we ever realized that the fields are generated also by our heart and brain. However, what differs between the magnetic field generated by a magnet and that generated by brain and heart is the magnitude of magnetic field. Following figure shows the magnitude of magnetic fields generated by various sources.



Fig. 4: A Diagram Demonstrating a Coil Magnetometer
Fig. 5: An Equation Showing Relation Between emf, Flux Density, Area of the Coil, and Angle Between the Two
Hall Sensors


Magnetoresistive Sensors

Magnetostrictive Sensors
Fig. 9: A Diagram Explaining the Operation of a Magentostrictive Sensors
Fig. 10: A Figure Demonstrating Fluxgate Magnetometer

Fig. 11: A Figure Explaining Two Solid Cores and Ring Core
Proton Magnetometer
Fig. 12: A Figure Explaining the Process Flow of Proton Magnetometer
Overhauser Magnetometers
Optically Pumped Magnetometers
Fig. 13: A Diagram of Glass Vapor Cell Containing Gaseous Metal is Exposed by Light of Very Specific Wavelength
SQUID
Applications
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