In this mini DIY project, we will build a 2.1-channel home theater system of 100 W with a deep base and crystal-clear sound output at a very low cost of 1200/- to 1500/- Rupees only. Big speaker systems like 2.1 / 4.1 / 5.1-channel, home theater systems with Bluetooth connectivity and excellent quality sound (crystal…

There are numerous motivations to assemble your own Arduino circuit on a breadboard or PCB. It consumes less space in the breadboard, cheaper than Arduino boards or perhaps you won’t be utilizing a shield, yet despite everything you need an Arduino as the heart of your Project.The following steps will outline how to assemble the circuit on a breadboard.  

This is a simple tutorial on arduino, ldr(light dependent resistor)/photoresistor sensor and piezo buzzer. Piezo buzzer output sound level will variate by arduino depending on the intensity of light thrown on ldr/light sensor. An led will also fade by arduino depending on the intensity of light thrown on photoresistor. The diy project is same like…

Biometric devices are the backbone of modern security and access systems. The most commonly used biometric device is a fingerprint scanner. Fingerprints are unique identifiers that cannot be easily faked. Optical fingerprint sensors are widely used in security systems as these are low-cost compared to capacitive and ultrasonic scanners. Optical fingerprint sensors digitize fingerprints by…

8255 is general purpose programmable peripheral interface. It is used with many microprocessors and microcontrollers for various purposes. The device has three 8-bit ports port A, port B and port C. These ports can be used as input or output. These ports are further divided in to two groups A and B. Each group further…

What is USB? UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS What does it do?It connects your laptop or PC to the peripheral devices attached to it.How does it communicate?You attach the device using a cable to PC and communication is initiated within a fraction of seconds. However, what looks easy on our end is a complicated process in the USB system. It may be single step in our stride to attach the device and start working but for the system it’s entirely a different picture. In that fraction of second after the device is attached, it initiates step by step process to make communication possible. It starts right from alerting the PC about the attachment, change in voltages at ports, then addressing the devices, gathering the information, loading the drivers and finally communication.  Let’s understand each of these steps in detail to get a crystal clear picture about the working of USB. 

An integrated circuit, or an IC, is a miniature circuit made up of thousands or even billions of transistors. It can be described as a set of electronic circuits fabricated on a semiconductor material. Usually, this material is silicon. The integration of MOS transistors leads to chips being faster, smaller in size, and less expensive…

  The simple pulse modulation technique called Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) proved to be more power efficient than the PWM and consumes constant power for individual pulses like PPM. In PAM the amplitude of the individual pulses are varied according to the amplitude of the modulating signals. The PAM modulator and demodulator circuits simple compared…

Have you ever thought who could be the father of the glorious machines that make most of the casino revenues these days? A casino owner, a researcher, a young lad interested in gambling? None of these. It was a car mechanic who changed the face of gambling entertainment. Charles Fey from San Francisco came up with the first ever slot machine in the year 1887. Until 20th century term ‘slot machines’ was used not just to address gambling devices but also the automatic vending machines. These machines were called by unusual named like one armed bandit and fruit machine. Before your imagination starts running wild with the names, let me tell you that it is because prior to Fey’s invention, there were some poker machines that allowed the users to win free drinks or cigars on hitting the winning combination. These were also known as trade simulators because they paid winners in merchandise.   

Ever wondered how are wires connected to a connector. How different number of wires are connected to segments of the connector? A connector aka jack for the earphone, headphone, microphone, like any other gadgets has an equally interesting chapter in the book s of engineering. It is among the cheapest part but not the technically inferior. It deserves its attention from the engineers for its design and quality.The connector plays an important part of tranferring signals from the device like mobile, laptops, music players etc to the earphone and the microphone and vice versa. Even a small problem may lead to an unplesant experience with the device. The connector has three contacts/segments/parts called the TIP, RING, and the Sleeve. Therefore it is also called the TRS connector.  

Previously in the Brain waves applications, we worked on controlling the speed of the motor using the attention level of the brain.  Now, it is time to check our study for some more real-time applications to detect if Brain wave can actually be used in day-to-day life or not. Presently in this article, I am planning to trigger something related to any type of Brain wave. In real life, often we may want to know if the patient (possibly our close one) is sleeping or not. So, I have tried to make a device using Brainwave through which I can find out if the person is sleeping   with the help of a message/call.     

In the previous articles, we discussed passive electronic components like resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers. The passive components are particularly useful in designing various analog circuits. The real fun of modern electronics begins with semiconductors and digital electronics. Electronics is all about signals (in the form of voltage or current) and processing signals by components…

By the time you are reading this article, certainly you are already using a web browser which is presenting this article content in a rich text/graphical format on your computer screen. A web browser or frequently called as browser is an application software that is installed on a computer to provide access to the World Wide Web. I t fetches the web pages from the server along with the necessary files like, images, flashes, videos etc, interprets them and then displays it on the screen.

AT commands are used to control MODEMs. AT is the abbreviation for Attention. These commands come from Hayes commands that were used by the Hayes smart modems. The Hayes commands started with AT to indicate the attention from the MODEM. The dial up and wireless MODEMs (devices that involve machine to machine communication) need AT…

While AR, VR, IA, and IOT are sprinting hard to lead the tech world, there is one strong contender that will be an essential part of every journey – Robotics. Even now, it is slowly becoming the strongest channel for streamlined implementation of above mentioned technologies in our everyday lives. Taking another step ahead in this direction, we bring you a list of top ten noteworthy startups who have made their mark within a short time and are moving ahead with flying colors.

In this article, we will control our home geyser from anywhere in the world. Life is fast and busy, and we all want to leverage the benefits of technology in our day-to-day life by automating where and when we can. In this experiment, we will automate our geyser in integration with our alarm app so…

This Project aims in the building of one application of robots in the automation of Collecting environmental aspects. The robot supports remote performance monitoring and maintenance of various factors of the environment in any given area. The details of the design, setup and the use of the robot in Data Acquisition (DAQ) system are given here. The sensors provide accurate and reliable real time data needed for autonomous monitoring and control of any type of area or industry. Data Acquired by the proposed system can be remotely accessed, plotted and analyzed. This provides a fully automated solution for the monitoring and control of remote locations.

In this tutorial, we’ll learn how to build a device that works as a virtual doctor. The device inputs patient data, which can then be emailed remotely to a registered physician using the simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) — the internet standard communication protocol for electronic transmissions. The purpose of this device is to support…

In this tutorial, we’ll learn how to use device-to-device (D2D) communication to make daily life a little simpler. For example, you’ll be able to control household appliances, such as the coffee machine, a light switch, or the AC — and do so from inside your vehicle. So, if you’re arriving home one evening, the presence…

You may know how to drive or you are just like me who always tag along as side kick, but there is one part of automobile that is voluntary known to each one of us “Speedometer”. You may not be driving but one step on accelerator by the driver and you are squirming on your seat just as the needle on the meter. Ha!We have never really thought how does a needle move on the meter?  What makes the number change on odometer? We look at speedometer but never really notice it. But not anymore join me in this insight to learn all about speedometer. Let’s understand in depth all about it.