Quantum dot is a scintillating technology that accumulates in a simple dot which is capable enough to exhibit quantum mechanical features. Simplifying the expression into a definition, then quantum dot is basically a nanocrystal crafted with semiconductor materials. The excitons (bound state of an electron hole and an electron that are attracted to one another by electrostatic Coulomb force) of a quantum dot are strictly confined in all the three spatial dimensions. Adding more to the properties cart, the electronic characteristics of quantum dot ranges in between those of discrete molecules and bulk semiconductors. To surprise more, quantum dots generally ranges from 10 to 100 atoms in diameter which can be said that they are about 1/1000th the entire width of a human hair. Don’t let the size fool you as quantum dots are highly efficient and are incredibly powerful. The basic work rule of a quantum dot is that it can convert light into any color belonging to the visible spectrum with an extremely high efficiency.
Characteristics of Quantum dot:
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Quantum dot holds a distinct quantized energy spectrum.
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Quantum dot specifically limits the motion of valence band holes, excitons and conduction band electrons in all three spatial directions.
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This tiny semiconductor can convert any kind of incoming energy.
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Big quantum dots emit extended wavelength like red while small quantum dots emit shorter wavelength like green.
Next Era of Televisions: The Quantum-Dot TV
Well, LCD televisions has managed to enter every household in every corner of the world. But things are set to get more better as Quantum dot televisions are to change the generation of televisions. Quantum TV are the new brand of LED-backlit LCD TV. These televisions creates images just like any other LCD screen but enhances the color quality. Quantum dots ability to switch and tune a spectrum of light which makes them an ideal fit LCD displays. Current LCDs face a hard time and waste tons of energy in setting the right colors and create a broad set of primary colors. The good news is that quantum dots can design an idyllic spectrum of light which can create white light for an LCD. Quantum dots generates a spectrum that makes the colors pure using less amount of power.
Figure 1: Quantum Dots
Applications of preliminary Quantum Dots
Quantum dots with respect to its size and efficiency will work wonders in various fields like:
Computing:
When it comes to solid state computation, then quantum dots wins with the best score. If a fraction of voltage is applied to the leads, then the stream of electrons over the quantum dots can be managed and detailed measurements of spin and additional intricate properties can be figured out. With the assistance of numerous interwove quantum dots and a technique of executing the operations, quantum devices and calculations would be possible.
LEDs: The quantum dot LEDS are presently in an experimental stage. Devouring a nature of producing monochromatic light, Quantum dot LEDs are proven to be much more efficient than other light sources which are generally color filtered. Quantum Dots-LEDs are fabricated on a silicon substrate which integrates onto a microelectromechanical systems. Being easily flexible in emitting light in definite Gaussian distributions, Quantum dots produce more precise colors.
Photovoltaic Devices: Quantum dots with their surpassed efficiency are proficient in reducing the cost of distinct photovoltaic cells. With the contribution of lead selenide, quantum dots can harvest more than one exciton from one singular high energy proton with the initiative of multiple exciton generation process or carrier multiplication.
Photodetector Devices: QD- photodetectors can generously be fabricated through conservative single-crystalline semiconductors or solution-processing. Solution-processed QDPs are integrated with infinite assortment of substrates while conservative single crystalline semiconductor QDPs are excluded from integration with organic electronics because of inconsistency of their growth situations.
The Verdict:
As innovative and promising as it sounds, quantum dots have been undergoing series of experiments. Its environmental impacts, bulk manufacturing and consumption are presently undergoing series of studies. Quantum dots offers a promising future to televisions, biology and computing but its full phase implementation is yet to be studied and researched. Quantum dots are energy efficient, versatile and bright, further making it an exceptional standup technology.
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