Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) are no longer limited to high-end servers or cloud platforms. Thanks to new developments in integrated circuits (IC) and software technology, it’s possible to implement ML algorithms and deep learning neural networks on tiny controllers and microcomputers. And these embedded devices installed at edges must no longer rely…
How to build an Arduino lie detector based on electrodermal activity
A polygraph is an instrument that records physiological indicators like pulse rate, blood pressure, and electrodermal activity of a human subject under questioning by an operator. It’s commonly referred to as a lie-detector test because it’s designed to assess whether a person is telling the truth. Industry-standard polygraph equipment is said to be 80 to…
What to expect from microcontrollers in 2023
Microcontrollers are the workhorse behind most embedded systems. They serve as a compact integrated circuit (IC) designed to govern a specific operation in an embedded system. The programmable firmware used in these tiny computers is ideal for and fits well into several applications. Microcontrollers are neither too specific, like application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), nor too…
Practical implementation of bandpass and band reject filters
Bandpass and band reject filters have the combined benefit of both low- and high-passes. They are made by connecting the low-pass and high-pass of different cut-off frequencies. It is beneficial when you require or want to reject only a particular band of frequencies. They are used heavily in investigating audio released from a black box…
What is the Modbus protocol and how does it work?
Modbus is a popular low-speed serial communication protocol widely used in the automation industry. The protocol was developed by Modicon (now acquired by Schneider Electric) in 1979 for its own programmable logic controllers. The protocol served as a link between PLCs and intelligent automation devices. Now an open protocol maintained by Modbus Organization, the Modbus…
What drone parts you need to build a quadcopter?
Drone industry is growing at a fast pace. Drones have been adopted in several verticals, including real estate, healthcare, military, transport, surveying, retail delivery, construction, and infrastructure. There are 1.1 million drones registered with Federal Aviation Administration in the United States. There are more than a million active drones in India. There were 430,700 drones…
The top EDA tools for circuit and PCB design in 2023
Electronics manufacturing is possible thanks to electronic design automation (EDA) software. EDA has computerized and automated several processes in product design and production. While some tools focus on circuit design and simulation, others target design analysis, verification, and manufacturing preparations. Each tool provides a unique package optimized for electrical and electronics engineers. Although no tool…
What are the sensors used in self-driving cars?
Automotive engineers have already developed semi-autonomous vehicles. Fully self-driving vehicles are not far from reality. According to recent research, autonomous driving (AD) could create $300 billion to $400 billion in revenue by 2035. The self-driving car not only showcases how advanced technology is, but it’s also a subject of controversy. There are valid concerns about…
India’s first drone traffic management system — Skye UTM
India launched its first indigenous drone traffic management system in February 2023. The system is Skye UTM, developed by Skye Air Mobility. Skye Air Mobility is a leading drone delivery company in India. It has been streamlining drone delivery services in multiple logistics solutions, including e-commerce, Agri-commodity, quick commerce, healthcare, etc. UTM, which stands for…
Choosing Batteries for Robots
Robots got their name from a Czech word “Robota” which means slave or any mechanical item that can help its master. Robots are mechanical devices that help to perform specific tasks for the humans. The term ‘Robot’ can be used for any mechanical device equipped with the software-based intelligence to perform specific physical tasks.The robotic cars or robotic vehicles are one of the many robotic designs which are developed to move around for performing physical tasks. The motion of such robot itself involves the application of power and use of motors. In making such a robot, there needs to be a balance between the load (weight of Robot), Battery and Motor used.
The top 3D-printed robotic arms for 2023
Previously, we discussed open-source 3D printable humanoid robot projects. Now, we’ll cover the top 3D printable robotic arms. A robotic arm is a pick-and-place robot typically used in manufacturing assembly lines. They’re also used for CNC, laser engraving, and 3D printing. The robots are designed to repeat specific tasks with the highest accuracy and precision. Servos electronically…
The top home-server software options of 2022
Servers are no longer limited to corporate offices and are common in homes. They can run 24×7 on any low-cost PC or microcomputer. A home server manages online communication, internet browsing, downloading, and file sharing between computers, tablets, mobile phones, printers, and other smart home appliances. They can also serve as centralized media storage for…
The top EDA tools for VLSI designs in 2022
Chip designs are the foundation of the electronics industry. Microprocessors, microcontrollers, integrated circuits (ICs), application-specific ICs, and memory functions operate from this foundation. Today’s ICs are a complex interconnection of millions and billions of transistors. Along with a basic understanding of electronic devices and circuits, those interested in or looking for a career in circuit…
The top modeling software for 3D printing in 2022
Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is more affordable than it’s ever been. Although some hobbyists buy a printer for crafts and to experiment with, it’s also an excellent engineering tool for innovative electronics or robotic projects. Typically, printers offer complimentary 3D models or free downloads that are ideal to start with. Eventually, you’ll likely want to…
How drones are serving next-generation logistics
E-commerce is no longer novel. Online shopping delivered to one’s doorstep has become a typical millennial lifestyle. The backbone of the e-commerce industry is the shipping and logistics sector. However, of the biggest challenges for shipping companies is the timely delivery of orders at the lowest possible cost. Digitalization has helped by providing real-time tracking…
What is LiDAR and how does it work?
LiDAR is an acronym for light detection and ranging, an optical technology for sensing distance. Early attempts to measure distance by light beams were first made in the ’30s, and airborne LiDAR became more commonly used in the ’60s, with geospatial measurements beginning in the ’80s. As the technology evolved, LiDAR’s uses continued to expand.…
How do dc-dc converters work?
A DC power supply is used in almost all of devices where a regulated voltage is required. A DC converter implements the process of DC conversion. There are two types of DC converters: Buck converter- Steps down the input source voltage Boost converter – Steps up the input source voltage Conversion topology Linear regulator –…
Transfer function, quality factor, and cut-off frequency
To better understand a filter’s functionality and performance, there are mathematical functions that represent a filter theoretically, such as transfer function, quality factor, and cutoff frequency. Understanding these terms will make it easier to understand a filter property. Terminologies (definitions) Transfer function: The inputs and outputs of an op-amp circuit may be voltages, currents, or…
How to read input from USB keyboard on Arduino
Generally, Arduino boards can only serve as USB slaves. They cannot operate as USB hosts. That is why it is impossible to connect USB devices like a USB keyboard or mouse directly to Arduino. These generic USB devices can be a lot useful in many applications. For example, in some applications, a 4X4 keypad might…
What is IP geofencing?
Very-large-scale integration or VLSI chips integrate several high-level components, which are highly sophisticated gate-level circuits. Semiconductor Intellectual Property (IP) is the standard source for synthesizing higher-level components in VLSI chips or FPGA boards. Semiconductor IPs typically provide the hardwired, implementable design of one of the following: A transform An encryption or deciphering algorithm The adaptive…