onsemi announced the availability of the CEM102, a compact analog front-end (AFE) that enables electrochemical sensing with exceptional accuracy at very low currents. With its small form factor and industry-leading low power consumption, the CEM102 allows engineers to create versatile and compact solutions for industrial, environmental, and healthcare applications such as air and gas detection,…
How to combine a gateway and server when using LoRa
In this tutorial about LoRa technology, we’ll cover two methods for combining a gateway and server by sending data to a PHP script for storage in a database and redirecting data to an MQTT server. ChirpStack is a powerful LoRaWAN network server that offers versatile integration options for managing and visualizing data. Let’s delve into…
Part 1: Types of open-source LoRa gateways and servers
ChirpStack is an open-source LoRaWAN Network Server that provides a solution for managing and maintaining LoRaWAN networks. LoRaWAN is a low-power, wide-area networking protocol. This article offers a step-by-step guide to ChirpStack installation, allowing a stable Internet-of-Things (IoT) network foundation. To learn how to connect and set up the initial hardware, please refer to this article:…
Understanding MQTT Protocol : IOT Part 14
Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol is an application layer protocol. The application layer provides an interface between the end nodes (IOT devices) and the network. In case of computers, laptops and mobile devices, the application layer is usually implemented by the browser. In case of IOT devices, the application layer may be implemented either by the running operating system (if an embedded OS is running on it) or by the firmware. In computing world, the most common and ubiquitous application layer protocol used is Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The HTTP protocol has been designed for communication between a client and a server. The protocol uses request/response method in which when a client needs data from the server then it sends a request message to the server and server sends back a response message.
MQTT Brokers : IOT Part 15
The Broker or Server plays the prime role in an MQTT (Protocol) based network. MQTT devices need MQTT broker to communicate with each other. MQTT broker is nothing but a central server connected to the Internet. The broker or server acts as a decision-maker which sits in between the devices. The clients do not know each other, they have to communicate via MQTT broker. The broker is mainly responsible for receiving all messages from publisher clients, filtering them, decide which subscriber is interested in it and then sending the messages to the subscribed clients. The MQTT broker also holds the session of all persisted clients including subscriptions and missed messages.
MQTT Security : IOT Part 16
Security in IOT cannot be an afterthought. It is an integral part of IOT development. The idea of IoT is not only to connect the normal daily things to the Internet but also to transfer the data securely among various end points so that smart IoT applications are not only efficient and successful in fulfilling various personal and professional requirements but also highly reliable.
MQTT for Sensor Networks (MQTT-SN) : IoT Part 39
The Internet of Things have specific network requirements. The traditional TCP/IP protocols usually do not fit to these requirements. That is why there are many protocols designed especially to cater the requirements of IoT applications. Within the IoT domain, sensor networks are one of the applications which are designed using constraint devices and are characterized by limited network bandwidth. A variant of MQTT protocol has been designed for these networks which is called MQTT-SN (MQTT for Sensor Networks).
Arduino compatible coding 01: Arduino MCU family
Embedded electronics are in a countless number of devices and appliances, with microcontrollers at the heart of the operation. A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit that controls a specific operation in an embedded system. There was a time when only BASIC stamp microcontrollers, with a simple interpreter, were available for designing, prototyping, and testing…
Arduino compatible coding 02: Getting started with Arduino
Arduino are single-board microcontrollers that are easily programmable through a USB connection. They are used with electronics to design embedded system prototypes, the Internet-of-Things (IoT), and electronic gadgets. Much like other microcontrollers, Arduino provides software-backed computing and embedded control to basic electronics applications. That means getting started with Arduino is no different than with other…
Arduino compatible coding 03: Basics of Arduino sketches and Embedded C
The previous tutorial included a discussion about the tools and components necessary to get started with Arduino. However, before starting with Arduino UNO (or any other Arduino board) — and experimenting with hardware projects on various sensors, actuators, and modules — it’s important to get through the basics of Arduino sketches and the embedded C…
Arduino compatible coding 04: Interfacing and driving LED by digital output
In the previous tutorial, we discussed the basics about Arduino sketches, with a a quick Arduino language reference. Now, it’s time to get our hands dirty. Interfacing LED and driving digital output from a source is the “Hello World” of embedded systems. As discussed in the previous tutorial, a microcontroller interfaces and interacts with other…
Arduino compatible coding 05: Interfacing buttons for digital input
In the previous tutorial, we discussed digital output from Arduino to drive an LED. A controller can interface and interact with other devices in five ways: digital output, digital input, analog output, analog input, and serial communication. In this tutorial, we will use digital input from Arduino to read the state of a tactile switch…
Arduino compatible coding 06: Analog output (PWM) on Arduino and LED fading
In the previous tutorial, we discussed the digital input process for using Arduino. We also explained push buttons (momentary type buttons) and how to use them for data or command input via a digital input. Any controller can interface and interact with other electronic devices in five ways: digital output, digital input, analog output, analog input,…
Stackpole introduces anti-surge chip resistors for small electronics power needs
For GaN-based battery management for consumer electronics and computer peripherals, the demand for high power and precision is escalating. While a variety of technology options offer lower resistance values suited for these applications, all-metal element resistors, like Stackpole’s CSS/CSSH Series, remain a popular choice despite their higher cost and wider tolerance range of 1% and…
TDK Corporation expands power supplies series with three-phase, AC input models
TDK Corporation announces the addition of higher power, three-phase AC input models to the TDK-Lambda DRB series of DIN rail mount power supplies. With 24V, 48V, and 72V outputs, the products are rated for continuous operation at 480W or 960W and can deliver a boost of 720W and 1440W respectively for up to seven seconds.…
TDK boosts capacitance in compact 100 V automotive MLCCs for 48 V electrical systems
TDK Corporation has expanded its CGA series of multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) to 2.2μF in 2012 size (2.0 x 1.25 x 1.25mm – L x W x T) and 4.7μF in 3216 size (3.2 x 1.6 x 1.6 mm – L x W x T), with the industry’s highest capacitance*, as 100V products for automotive…
TDK introduces series of industrial ac-dc power suppliers
TDK Corporation announces the introduction of the ZWS-C series of 10, 15, 30, and 50W-rated industrial AC-DC power supplies. The products meet EN55011/EN55032-B conducted and radiated EMI in either a Class I or Class II (double insulated) construction, without the need for external filtering or shielding. With electrolytic capacitor lifetimes of up to 15 years,…
Arduino-based optical proximity sensor using IR LEDs
Proximity sensors are used to detect something approaching near. These sensors are useful in many applications like collision avoidance, obstacle detection, path following, touchless sensing, motion detection, and object detection. There are different types of proximity sensors like optical, ultrasonic, capacitive, inductive, and magnetic. The capacitive, inductive, and magnetic proximity sensors are used in specific…
What role do automotive sensors play in modern vehicles?
A network of sensors is embedded throughout vehicles, serving as a critical type of “nervous system” that detects and measures different automotive parameters. This network is essential for a vehicle’s safety, performance, and efficiency. Several types of sensors are responsible for different roles, such as monitoring the temperature of engine components, the speed of the…
CUI Devices expands DC axial fan line with IP68-rated waterproof models
CUI Devices’ Thermal Management Group announced the addition of IP68-rated fan models to its line of DC axial fans. These waterproof DC fans offer complete protection against moisture and dust, making them ideal for a range of harsh environments such as refrigeration, HVAC, medical, and more. The IP68-rated fans feature dual ball bearing construction, square frame sizes of…