A Router is a device that is connected with two or more networks to forward data packets across them. Routing, the work done by a router is the process of the transmitting data packets from one router to another until it reaches to the destination.
When a data packet is transmitted it goes one router to another and finally reaches to the router connected to the network in which the destination system exists. Each router has information to its neighboring router and when a router has a packet to transmit, by checking its header information; the router decides which neighbor this packet is send to. It chooses the best optimized route and forward the packet to the first router on the root.
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