How to Make a Wireless Keyboard Using Xbee with Arduino- (Part 44/49)

###





/*============================ EG LABS ===================================//

 Demonstration on how to wirelessly send ps2keyboard data using Xbee


 The circuit:

 LCD:

 * LCD RS pin to digital pin 12

 * LCD Enable pin to digital pin 11

 * LCD D4 pin to digital pin 7

 * LCD D5 pin to digital pin 6

 * LCD D6 pin to digital pin 5

 * LCD D7 pin to digital pin 4

 * LCD R/W pin to ground

 * 10K resistor:

 * ends to +5V and ground

 * wiper to LCD pin 3

 * LED anode attached to digital output 9

 * LED cathode attached to ground through a 1K resistor


 KEYBOARD:

 DATA PIN TO PIN NUMBER 8

 CLOCK PIN TO PIN NUMBER 3


 XBEE:

 RX PIN OF XBEE TO TX0 PIN OF ARDUINO

 SHORT THE GROUND PINS OF ARDUINO AND XBEE

============================== EG LABS ===================================*/


#include "PS2Keyboard.h"

// include the library code:

#include 

// initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 7, 6, 5, 4);


#define DATA_PIN 8

PS2Keyboard keyboard;


void setup() 

{

  pinMode(9, OUTPUT);     

  lcd.begin(16, 2);

  lcd.print("ENGINEERS GARAGE");

  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

  lcd.print("KEYBOARD to XBEE");

  

  keyboard.begin(DATA_PIN);                        // initialize the PS2 keyboard


  Serial.begin(9600);

  Serial.println("ENGINEERS GARAGE");

  delay(1000);

  digitalWrite(9, HIGH);  

}


void loop()

{

  if(keyboard.available())            // check if there is any data coming from the keyboard

  {

    char dat = keyboard.read();             // read the data from the keyboard

    Serial.write(dat);

  }else;

}

###
 

###




Header File

#include 

#include 

#include 

#include "Arduino.h"

#include "PS2Keyboard.h"


#include "binary.h"

typedef uint8_t boolean;

typedef uint8_t byte;



int  ps2Keyboard_DataPin;

byte ps2Keyboard_CurrentBuffer;

volatile byte ps2Keyboard_CharBuffer;

volatile byte ps2Keyboard_BufferPos;


// variables used to remember information about key presses

volatile bool ps2Keyboard_shift;     // indicates shift key is pressed

volatile bool ps2Keyboard_ctrl;      // indicates the ctrl key is pressed

volatile bool ps2Keyboard_alt;       // indicates the alt key is pressed

volatile bool ps2Keyboard_extend;    // remembers a keyboard extended char received

volatile bool ps2Keyboard_release;   // distinguishes key presses from releases

volatile bool ps2Keyboard_caps_lock; // remembers shift lock has been pressed


// vairables used in sending command bytes to the keyboard, eg caps_lock light

volatile boolean cmd_in_progress;

volatile int     cmd_count;

         byte    cmd_value;

volatile byte    cmd_ack_value;

         byte    cmd_parity;

volatile boolean cmd_ack_byte_ok;


// sending command bytes to the keybaord needs proper parity (otherwise the keyboard

// just asks you to repeat the byte)

byte odd_parity(byte val) {

  int i, count = 1;  // start with 0 for even parity

  for (i=0; i<8; i++) {

    if (val&1) count++;

    val = val>>1;

  }

  return count & 1; // bottom bit of count is parity bit

}


void kbd_send_command(byte val) {

  // stop interrupt routine from receiving characters so that we can use it

  // to send a byte

  cmd_in_progress = true;

  cmd_count       = 0;


  // set up the byte to shift out and initialise the ack bit

  cmd_value      = val;

  cmd_ack_value  = 1;    // the kbd will clear this bit on receiving the byte

  cmd_parity     = odd_parity(val);


  // set the data pin as an output, ready for driving

  digitalWrite(ps2Keyboard_DataPin, HIGH);

  pinMode(ps2Keyboard_DataPin, OUTPUT);


  // drive clock pin low - this is going to generate the first

  // interrupt of the shifting out process

  pinMode(PS2_INT_PIN, OUTPUT);

  digitalWrite(PS2_INT_PIN, LOW);


  // wait at least one clock cycle (in case the kbd is mid transmission)

  delayMicroseconds(60);


  // set up the 0 start bit

  digitalWrite(ps2Keyboard_DataPin, LOW);

  // let go of clock - the kbd takes over driving the clock from here

  digitalWrite(PS2_INT_PIN, HIGH);

  pinMode(PS2_INT_PIN, INPUT);


  // wait for interrupt routine to shift out byte, parity and receive ack bit

  while (cmd_ack_value!=0) ;


  // switch back to the interrupt routine receiving characters from the kbd

  cmd_in_progress = false;

}


void PS2Keyboard::reset() {

  kbd_send_command(0xFF);   // send the kbd reset code to the kbd: 3 lights

                            // should flash briefly on the kbd


  // reset all the global variables

  ps2Keyboard_CurrentBuffer = 0;

  ps2Keyboard_CharBuffer    = 0;

  ps2Keyboard_BufferPos     = 0;

  ps2Keyboard_shift         = false;

  ps2Keyboard_ctrl          = false;

  ps2Keyboard_alt           = false;

  ps2Keyboard_extend        = false;

  ps2Keyboard_release       = false;

  ps2Keyboard_caps_lock     = false;

  cmd_in_progress           = false;

  cmd_count                 = 0;

  cmd_value                 = 0;

  cmd_ack_value             = 1;

}


// val : bit_2=caps_lock, bit_1=num_lock, bit_0=scroll_lock

void kbd_set_lights(byte val) {

  // When setting the lights with the 0xED command the keyboard responds

  // with an "ack byte", 0xFA. This is NOT the same as the "ack bit" that

  // follows the succesful shifting of each command byte.

  cmd_ack_byte_ok = false;   // initialise the ack byte flag

  kbd_send_command(0xED);    // send the command byte

  while (!cmd_ack_byte_ok) ; // ack byte from keyboard sets this flag

  kbd_send_command(val);     // now send the data

}


// The ISR for the external interrupt

// This may look like a lot of code for an Interrupt routine, but the switch

// statements are fast and the path through the routine is only ever a few

// simple lines of code.

void ps2interrupt (void) {

  int value = digitalRead(ps2Keyboard_DataPin);


  // This is the code to send a byte to the keyboard. Actually its 12 bits:

  // a start bit, 8 data bits, 1 parity, 1 stop bit, 1 ack bit (from the kbd)

  if (cmd_in_progress) {

    cmd_count++;          // cmd_count keeps track of the shifting

    switch (cmd_count) {

    case 1: // start bit

      digitalWrite(ps2Keyboard_DataPin,LOW);

      break;

    case 2: case 3: case 4: case 5: case 6: case 7: case 8: case 9:

      // data bits to shift

      digitalWrite(ps2Keyboard_DataPin,cmd_value&1);

      cmd_value = cmd_value>>1;

      break;

    case 10:  // parity bit

      digitalWrite(ps2Keyboard_DataPin,cmd_parity);

      break;

    case 11:  // stop bit

      // release the data pin, so stop bit actually relies on pull-up

      // but this ensures the data pin is ready to be driven by the kbd for

      // for the next bit.

      digitalWrite(ps2Keyboard_DataPin, HIGH);

      pinMode(ps2Keyboard_DataPin, INPUT);

      break;

    case 12: // ack bit - driven by the kbd, so we read its value

      cmd_ack_value = digitalRead(ps2Keyboard_DataPin);

      cmd_in_progress = false;  // done shifting out

    }

    return; // don't fall through to the receive section of the ISR

  }


  // receive section of the ISR

  // shift the bits in

  if(ps2Keyboard_BufferPos > 0 && ps2Keyboard_BufferPos < 11) {

    ps2Keyboard_CurrentBuffer |= (value << (ps2Keyboard_BufferPos - 1));

  }

  ps2Keyboard_BufferPos++; // keep track of shift-in position


  if(ps2Keyboard_BufferPos == 11) { // a complete character received

    switch (ps2Keyboard_CurrentBuffer) {

    case 0xF0: { // key release char

      ps2Keyboard_release = true;

      ps2Keyboard_extend = false;

      break;

    }

    case 0xFA: { // command acknowlegde byte

      cmd_ack_byte_ok = true;

      break;

    }

    case 0xE0: { // extended char set

      ps2Keyboard_extend = true;

      break;

    }

    case 0x12:   // left shift

    case 0x59: { // right shift

      ps2Keyboard_shift = ps2Keyboard_release? false : true;

      ps2Keyboard_release = false;

      break;

    }

    case 0x11: { // alt key (right alt is extended 0x11)

      ps2Keyboard_alt = ps2Keyboard_release? false : true;

      ps2Keyboard_release = false;

      break;

    }

    case 0x14: { // ctrl key (right ctrl is extended 0x14)

      ps2Keyboard_ctrl = ps2Keyboard_release? false : true;

      ps2Keyboard_release = false;

      break;

    }

    case 0x58: { // caps lock key

      if (!ps2Keyboard_release) {

ps2Keyboard_caps_lock = ps2Keyboard_caps_lock? false : true;

// allow caps lock code through to enable light on and off

        ps2Keyboard_CharBuffer = ps2Keyboard_CurrentBuffer;

      }

      else {

ps2Keyboard_release = false;

      }

      break;

    }

    default: { // a real key

      if (ps2Keyboard_release) { // although ignore if its just released

        ps2Keyboard_release = false;

      }

      else { // real keys go into CharBuffer

        ps2Keyboard_CharBuffer = ps2Keyboard_CurrentBuffer;

      }

    }

    }

    ps2Keyboard_CurrentBuffer = 0;

    ps2Keyboard_BufferPos = 0;

  }

}


PS2Keyboard::PS2Keyboard() {

  // nothing to do here 

}


void PS2Keyboard::begin(int dataPin) {

  // Prepare the global variables

  ps2Keyboard_DataPin       = dataPin;

  ps2Keyboard_CurrentBuffer = 0;

  ps2Keyboard_CharBuffer    = 0;

  ps2Keyboard_BufferPos     = 0;

  ps2Keyboard_shift         = false;

  ps2Keyboard_ctrl          = false;

  ps2Keyboard_alt           = false;

  ps2Keyboard_extend        = false;

  ps2Keyboard_release       = false;

  ps2Keyboard_caps_lock     = false;

  cmd_in_progress           = false;

  cmd_count                 = 0;

  cmd_value                 = 0;

  cmd_ack_value             = 1;


  // initialize the pins

  pinMode(PS2_INT_PIN, INPUT);

  digitalWrite(PS2_INT_PIN, HIGH);

  pinMode(dataPin, INPUT);

  digitalWrite(dataPin, HIGH);


  attachInterrupt(1, ps2interrupt, FALLING);

#if 0

  // Global Enable INT1 interrupt

  EIMSK |= ( 1 << INT1);

  // Falling edge triggers interrupt

  EICRA |= (0 << ISC10) | (1 << ISC11);

#endif

}


bool PS2Keyboard::available() {

  return ps2Keyboard_CharBuffer != 0;

}


// This routine allows a calling program to see if other other keys are held

// down when a character is received: ie , ,  or 

// Note that this routine must be called after available() has returned true,

// but BEFORE read(). The read() routine clears the buffer and allows another

// character to be received so these bits can change anytime after the read().

byte PS2Keyboard::read_extra() {

  return (ps2Keyboard_caps_lock<<3) |

         (ps2Keyboard_shift<<2) |

         (ps2Keyboard_alt<<1) |

          ps2Keyboard_ctrl;

}


byte PS2Keyboard::read() {

  byte result;


  // read the raw data from the keyboard

  result = ps2Keyboard_CharBuffer;


  // Use a switch for the code to character conversion.

  // This is fast and actually only uses 4 bytes per simple line

  switch (result) {

  case 0x1C: result = 'a'; break;

  case 0x32: result = 'b'; break;

  case 0x21: result = 'c'; break;

  case 0x23: result = 'd'; break;

  case 0x24: result = 'e'; break;

  case 0x2B: result = 'f'; break;

  case 0x34: result = 'g'; break;

  case 0x33: result = 'h'; break;

  case 0x43: result = 'i'; break;

  case 0x3B: result = 'j'; break;

  case 0x42: result = 'k'; break;

  case 0x4B: result = 'l'; break;

  case 0x3A: result = 'm'; break;

  case 0x31: result = 'n'; break;

  case 0x44: result = 'o'; break;

  case 0x4D: result = 'p'; break;

  case 0x15: result = 'q'; break;

  case 0x2D: result = 'r'; break;

  case 0x1B: result = 's'; break;

  case 0x2C: result = 't'; break;

  case 0x3C: result = 'u'; break;

  case 0x2A: result = 'v'; break;

  case 0x1D: result = 'w'; break;

  case 0x22: result = 'x'; break;

  case 0x35: result = 'y'; break;

  case 0x1A: result = 'z'; break;


    // note that caps lock only used on a-z

  case 0x41: result = ps2Keyboard_shift? '<' : ','; break;

  case 0x49: result = ps2Keyboard_shift? '>' : '.'; break;

  case 0x4A: result = ps2Keyboard_shift? '?' : '/'; break;

  case 0x54: result = ps2Keyboard_shift? '{' : '['; break;

  case 0x5B: result = ps2Keyboard_shift? '}' : ']'; break;

  case 0x4E: result = ps2Keyboard_shift? '_' : '-'; break;

  case 0x55: result = ps2Keyboard_shift? '+' : '='; break;

  case 0x29: result = ' '; break;


  case 0x45: result = ps2Keyboard_shift? ')' : '0'; break;

  case 0x16: result = ps2Keyboard_shift? '!' : '1'; break;

  case 0x1E: result = ps2Keyboard_shift? '@' : '2'; break;

  case 0x26: result = ps2Keyboard_shift? '£' : '3'; break;

  case 0x25: result = ps2Keyboard_shift? '$' : '4'; break;

  case 0x2E: result = ps2Keyboard_shift? '%' : '5'; break;

  case 0x36: result = ps2Keyboard_shift? '^' : '6'; break;

  case 0x3D: result = ps2Keyboard_shift? '&' : '7'; break;

  case 0x3E: result = ps2Keyboard_shift? '*' : '8'; break;

  case 0x46: result = ps2Keyboard_shift? '(' : '9'; break;


  case 0x0D: result = 't'; break;

  case 0x5A: result = 'n'; break;

  case 0x66: result = PS2_KC_BKSP;  break;

  case 0x69: result = ps2Keyboard_extend? PS2_KC_END   : '1'; break;

  case 0x6B: result = ps2Keyboard_extend? PS2_KC_LEFT  : '4'; break;

  case 0x6C: result = ps2Keyboard_extend? PS2_KC_HOME  : '7'; break;

  case 0x70: result = ps2Keyboard_extend? PS2_KC_INS   : '0'; break;

  case 0x71: result = ps2Keyboard_extend? PS2_KC_DEL   : '.'; break;

  case 0x72: result = ps2Keyboard_extend? PS2_KC_DOWN  : '2'; break;

  case 0x73: result = '5'; break;

  case 0x74: result = ps2Keyboard_extend? PS2_KC_RIGHT : '6'; break;

  case 0x75: result = ps2Keyboard_extend? PS2_KC_UP    : '8'; break;

  case 0x76: result = PS2_KC_ESC; break;

  case 0x79: result = '+'; break;

  case 0x7A: result = ps2Keyboard_extend? PS2_KC_PGDN  : '3'; break;

  case 0x7B: result = '-'; break;

  case 0x7C: result = '*'; break;

  case 0x7D: result = ps2Keyboard_extend? PS2_KC_PGUP  : '9'; break;


  case 0x58:

    // setting the keyboard lights is done here. Ideally it would be done

    // in the interrupt routine itself and the key codes associated wth

    // caps lock key presses would never be passed on as characters.

    // However it would make the interrupt routine very messy with lots

    // of extra state associated with the control of a caps_lock

    // key code causing a cmd byte to transmit, causing an ack_byte to

    // be received, then a data byte to transmit. Much easier done here.

    // The downside, however, is that the light going on or off at the

    // right time relies on the calling program to be checking for

    // characters on a regular basis. If the calling program stops

    // polling for characters at any point pressing the caps lock key

    // will not change the state of the caps lock light while polling

    // is not happening.

    result = ps2Keyboard_caps_lock? PS2_KC_CLON : PS2_KC_CLOFF;

    if (ps2Keyboard_caps_lock) kbd_set_lights(4);

    else                       kbd_set_lights(0);

    break;


    // Reset the shift counter for unexpected values, to get back into sink

    // This allows for hot plugging a keyboard in and out

  default:  delay(500); // but wait a bit in case part way through a shift

            ps2Keyboard_BufferPos  = 0;

            ps2Keyboard_shift      = false;

            ps2Keyboard_ctrl       = false;

            ps2Keyboard_alt        = false;

            ps2Keyboard_extend     = false;

            ps2Keyboard_release    = false;

            ps2Keyboard_caps_lock  = false;

  } // end switch(result)


  // shift a-z chars here (less code than in the switch statement)

  if (((result>='a') && (result<='z')) &&

      ((ps2Keyboard_shift && !ps2Keyboard_caps_lock) ||

       (!ps2Keyboard_shift && ps2Keyboard_caps_lock))) {

    result = result + ('A'-'a');

  }


  // done with the character

  ps2Keyboard_CharBuffer = 0;


  return(result);

}



###
 

• Arduino Pro Mini
• LED
• Potentiometer
• Resistor