LoRa (“long-range”) is an excellent wireless communication solution without networking capabilities. It’s a reliable, energy-efficient, encryption-secured, low-cost wireless connectivity technology. And as its name suggests, it offers an extremely long range.  LoRa operates at the physical layer of an OSI model and is implemented at the chip level — excluding the network management protocol. This…

Usually, when we talk about robotics, the first thing that flashes into mind is robotic manipulators equipped with end-effectors, driven by actuators, guided by sensors, and controlled by microcontrollers. The mechanical hardware always impresses viewers, but it is the robotic software underneath, that brings these magnificent machines to life. Most of the small robots are…

Embedded devices are the soul of the Internet of Things. Any IoT network is inherently a medium to connect microcontroller-powered “things” via the internet. Microcontrollers at the heart of most IoT devices are simpler, resource-constrained, low-power chips that cannot run a standard operating system. Microcontrollers are often flashed with minimal firmware codes intended to execute…

The CAN (Controller Area Network) protocol was developed by the European automotive electronics company Robert Bosch GmbH in 1983 for in-vehicle networks. The intention behind the development of the CAN protocol was to enable robust data communication between different Electronic Control Units (ECU) and Microcontroller Control  Units (MCU) of a vehicle on a single wire…

Many things push the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) further; one among them is LoRa—a proprietary wireless communication technology developed and owned by Semtech Corporation, which stands for extended range. The key characteristics of LoRa are super long range, low power consumption, data encryption, multiple usage, and low cost. With coverage of up to 10…

Imagine data transferring over your local wireless network at the speeds of light. Light Fidelity or Li-Fi is a ground-breaking innovation that has made it possible. Data communication through optical fibers has already made data communication available at light speeds over long distances. Light Fidelity has filled the space for optical communication in the wireless…

Integrated circuits (ICs) are synonymous with electronics. Wherever there are any electronics, there are definitely one or more ICs. There are no electronics without ICs. Electronics became so popular, widely acceptable, and ubiquitously applicable, all due to the invention of integrated circuits. Integrated circuits are miniaturized integration of complete electronic circuits on a single semiconductor…

A System on Chip or an SoC is an integrated circuit that incorporates a majority of components present on a computer. As the name suggests, it is an entire system fabricated on a silicon chip. The beauty of an SoC is that it integrates all the components on a single substrate. In semiconductors, a substrate…

Low power design is a system using a collection of techniques and methodologies for the purpose of optimizing battery life and reducing the overall power dissipation of the system. To optimize the power there are many low power techniques that depend on the level of the design selected, ranging from semiconductor technology to the higher…

A diode is a two-terminal device that acts as a one-way switch. The Schottky is a metal-semiconductor diode known for very low forward voltage in which the metal forms the anode and the n-type semiconductor acts as the cathode. The diode is named after German physicist Walter H. Schottky. It is also called Schottky barrier…

An integrated circuit, or an IC, is a miniature circuit made up of thousands or even billions of transistors. It can be described as a set of electronic circuits fabricated on a semiconductor material. Usually, this material is silicon. The integration of MOS transistors leads to chips being faster, smaller in size, and less expensive…

A tunnel diode—also called Esaki diode because Leo Esaki invented it in 1957—is a heavily doped PN junction diode that exhibits negative resistance and high conductivity due to the tunneling effect. In signal diodes (small signal diodes and rectifier diodes), charge carriers gradually overcome the depletion region. In a tunnel diode, the charge carriers spontaneously…

Machine learning is the future of computer theory and computational electronics. In the past decade, advances in machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence have changed how computing power is utilized. In the future, the developers may not be writing specific user-defined programs. Instead, they will be fabricating algorithms to let the computers perform assigned…

Data science has not just remained a field of scientific computing and research. In the newly internet-connected world with pocket computers everywhere, data science, machine learning, and artificial intelligence are far more applicable than ever imagined. No doubt, the very first leap in the practical applications of machine learning and artificial intelligence happened when enterprise…

Mass is one of the seven basic physical quantities. In real-world applications, mass is often realized in the form of the object’s weight. The weight is the force of gravity acting on a body due to its mass. How is the weight of an object measured? It is done by sensing pressure exerted by it…

by Charles Pao, senior marketing specialist, CEVA Motion sensing devices are all around us and in several of the electronics that we use daily. Motion sensors are in earbuds – noticing taps to change songs or pausing music when we take them out of our ears. They’re used for head tracking in virtual reality (VR)…

Machine learning and deep learning are the backbones of present-era artificial intelligence. While researchers are still finding their way to Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), the Weak/Narrow Artificial Intelligence has already grabbed a spot in all major industries. Almost 37 percent of organizations are using some form of Narrow AI in 2021. Artificial Intelligence has become…

Today’s automobiles are not just a means of commuting and transportation; the vehicles are now designed feature-packed to make the journey a luxury experience. All of this comes by integrating sophisticated electronics with the vehicle’s ECU (Engine Control Unit). This new scenario has significantly changed how data communicate among different units of ECU. Traditional automotive…

Artificial Intelligence is a multi-disciplinary field that deals with making computers/machines intelligent like humans. Theoretically, it aims at simulating human cognitive functions and excelling them even better than humans. This theoretical concept of artificial intelligence is known as  “Artificial General Intelligence”. AI, from the view of its concept, is still in its infancy. Despite that,…

Data science is set to prevail in the 21st century. By the late 1900s, computers had already become an inseparable part of human civilization, all thanks to Bill Gates and Steve Jobs. This followed the glorious rise of the internet all across the globe. Then with mobile phones, smartphones, and wearables, almost every person on…