Tech Articles

Andy Rubin, Nick Sears, Rich Miner, and Chris White founded Android Inc. in October 2003. Firstly, Andy Rubin developed Android OS for digital cameras but he realized that the market for digital camera operating systems perhaps was not all that big. In 2005, Android wasbought by Google and Andy Rubin along with other co-founders continued working under new owners. In 29 June 2007,iPhone was released by Apple Inc with iOS, which was the first OS in the mobile market.

The first law of thermodynamics states, “Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another”. The first part of this law tells us that there is a fixed amount of energy in the universe whereas, the second part gives a sneak peak into how we can utilize the available energy to alter it into a form which is useful to us. The ideal case would be that the entire portion of the source energy be converted to the form of our choice.

Our theoretical description of space is the entire observable universe which extends to 13.8 Billion Lightyears (because the universe is 13.8 Billion Years old) through whichever direction we look at it (and is the same from any point of observation in the universe, since the universe is infinite). But, how much have we explored? The furthest distance reached by a machine, the voyager I, is the outskirts of our solar which is a few light hours from earth which it took 35 years to sail in empty space going at an astonishing speed of 1100 Km/sec. Humans, on the other hand have not gone further than the moon (360,000 km away from earth) and are soon planning a trip to mars.

A device which controls the current flowing into the channel on application of low-power electrical signal is called a transistor. Roughly, transistors can be classified as Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) and Field Effect Transistors (FETs). In BJTs, a small amount of current is used to control the current flowing into the channel and hence BJTs are also known as current controlled devices. In FETs, a small voltage is used to control the current flowing and hence called as voltage controlled devices. This article briefs about the various types of FETs with a comparison chart. Let’s get started.

Brain wave is a common term that can be easily found in Science books/newspapers or can be heard from doctors and researchers.  Have you ever thought what exactly Brain waves are? How are they produced? What is their role in day-to-day life and how do they affect us?Let me take you through a roller coaster ride exploring Brain Waves alongside its features, types, characteristics, and other details. Brain Wave is among the few technologies the world is researching these days. There are a lot of potential techniques in this field and it may solve many of our future problems.

Gone are the days when huge computers made of vacuum tubes sat humming in entire dedicated rooms and could do about 360 multiplications of 10 digit numbers in a second. Though they were heralded as the fastest computing machines of that time, they surely don’t stand a chance when compared to the modern day machines.Since the invention of the first IC in the form of a Flip Flop by Jack Kilby in 1958, our ability to pack more and more transistors onto a single chip has doubled roughly every 18 months, in accordance with the Moore’s Law. The development of microelectronics spans a time which is even lesser than the average life expectancy of a human, and yet it has seen as many as four generations.

The electromagnetic radio spectrum is a natural resource which is licensed and allocated by the government for the use of transmitters and receivers. A spectrum is a collection of wavelengths of radio frequency waves which are available for wireless communication services. These wavelengths are broken down and brackets of these (called ‘Bands’) are allocated for various purposes such as GSM/HSPA, 3G, 4G, TV, Wi-Fi, defense communication, radio broadcasting, mobile satellites, aeronautical satellites, etc. The electromagnetic spectrum is a resource which cannot be depleted but can be over crowded in some bands more than the others due to this static allocation.  

Field emission display (FED) is a type of Flat Panel Display which is thinner, brighter, energy-efficient and cheaper display than liquid crystal display (LCD). FED also named as Nano Emissive Display (NED) consist of millions of accelerated electrons charged by very less voltage, compared with high voltage for large-screen, HD LCDs. These electron emitters are controlled by cold cathodes to generate colored light and are emitted towards phosphor plate and this phenomenon creates moving images. FED has a wide viewing angle and provides brightest color among plasma and other latest displays. 

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device. It generates sound in a frequency range of 1 to 7 kHz as an audio indication. In this frequency range, the hearing threshold is maximum. Therefore, the sound of a buzzer is so piercing that it is noticeable even in a highly noisy environment. The buzzers/beepers…

Inertial sensors are used to transduce inertial force into measurable electrical signals to measure acceleration, inclination, and vibration of an object. Micromachining technology has made it possible to produce MEMS (Micro Electromechanical System) inertial sensors using single-crystal silicon sensor elements. These micron-sized sensors meet all major system design drivers like low-cost, high performance, high precision,…

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the most widely used satellite navigation system around the world. It is one of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) that provides geolocation, time, and velocity information. GPS is operational since 1978 and globally available since 1994. The latest GPS receivers provide geolocation with an accuracy of 30 centimeters.…

eSIMs are not only going to cater to M2M solutions. They are about to have a significant impact on the consumer segment as well. Apple has already incorporated eSIM is some of its latest models. Other consumer device manufacturers are also moving on to include eSIMs in their smartphones and wearable devices. GSMA has proposed…

eSIM is the upfront SIM technology that is deemed to be adopted globally for long-range and mobile M2M/IoT applications. The fundamental feature of eSIM technology is remote SIM provisioning. A complete eSIM ecosystem is all about subscription management solution. At present, both proprietary and GSMA-compliant subscription management solutions are under development. The proprietary systems are…

IoT is the next development in modern life evolving through the present era of smartphones, tablets, and wearables. Connected cars, smart earphones, AI translators, personal assistance systems powered by augmented reality, vehicle tracking, AI-backed video surveillance, and many other embedded applications will become a part of our existence. These billions of “things” need internet connectivity…

A quadcopter is a four rotor unmanned aerial drone that operates with the same principle as of a helicopter with slight differences lying within both. It is used for several purposes in the military as well as social fields operating over a wide range of applications.It has become a craze for building a quadcopter among people as it gives a wide variety of benefits as compared to the traditional helicopter such as stability and control. Till date quadcopter has only been used as a drone that is controlled from a distant place.

3D Printing can be a household thing in near future. No doubt, you might have heard about 3D Printing more often nowadays. The technology is deemed to be a catalyst for another industrial revolution. The days when 3D printing will be used for mass productions in manufacturing sector may not be far. 3D Printing, which has been in the industry since the late 1980s, earlier more popular by the term Additive Printing, is bound to leap beyond modelling and prototyping application. 

Bluetooth is defined as layered protocol architecture because each layer supports the layer above and below it.  The complete protocol stack consists[[wysiwyg_imageupload::]] of both Bluetooth specific protocols which are clearly defined or developed for Bluetooth like LMP and non-Bluetooth specific that were designed to enable the re-use of existing protocols for various functions. Non-specific protocols can be used with many other platforms like WAP, UDP AND OBEX. These were used to speed up the development of Bluetooth protocol at higher layers at the same time adaptation to work with Bluetooth devices and ensure interoperability.  Bluetooth protocol comprises of a number of protocols which can be divided into four categories: telephony control protocol, cable replacement protocol, adopted protocol, telephony control protocol. Each of these protocols is responsible for specific type of task and stands on its own. The concept of master, slaves, Pico nets and scatter net forming ad-hoc network. This part of Bluetooth will deal with the protocols responsible for the working of Bluetooth technology. 

Sheet lamination is one of the seven recognized 3D Printing methods. The process uses sheets of building material which are cut through laser or knife and the sheets are joined one after the other either by using an adhesive or by wielding the laser cut sheets together to form the 3D object. The process is also called ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) in case the building material used is metal sheets.The apparatus for UAM variation of the sheet lamination process has a cylindrical sonotrode to which the material sheet is coiled. The sonotrode is rotated to feed the material sheet onto a building platform.

Handheld devices like a cell phone, palmtop and laptop were rapidly becoming an integral part of our daily lives. In most cases, these devices do not have compatible data communication interfaces, or, if they do, the interface requires cumbersome cable connections and configuration procedures. Isn’t it absolutely fantastic to connect your PC to share music, data and calendar info without using any wires? Or to wirelessly access phone numbers on your PDA from your cell phone. 

Material Jetting is one of the standard 3D printing technology that has scope and design pattern suitable for the desktop version of 3D printers as industrial 3D printers. The technology fabricates a 3D part just like an inkjet printer prints a two-dimensional image. The 3D model is built on a target surface to which droplets or continuous fluids of the building material are dropped layer by layer and each layer is then cured with ultraviolet radiation to get it solidified. The term “Drop on Demand” is used for referring the drop by drop wise fabrication of 3D model in the technology’s context. A typical apparatus for material jetting 3D printing has printer head consisting of two nozzles and an UV source.