How to create an RFID-based locker system using Arduino

Need somewhere to secure a few items? No problem! In this project, we’ll design an RFID-based locker system that offers a reliable and convenient solution for securing objects using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology.

Figure 1. The protoype

Working operation: The RFID locker system

The RFID reader scans a unique tag, and if it matches a pre-registered one, the servo motor unlocks the door. However, the servo motor remains inactive if an unregistered tag is scanned. The servo’s shaft is mechanically connected to a door, allowing it to open and close within a predefined time frame.

Arduino manages the stored codes and controls the servo, activating it only when the RFID reader detects a valid tag.

While this project demonstrates a small-scale model, it can be scaled up for larger applications with enhanced electronics. For example, the prototype uses a plastic-geared servo, but for bigger setups, a metal-geared servo could be employed for greater durability and efficiency.

Figure 2. The RFID lock.

Materials

Arduino UNO
RFID reader module
RFID tags
Servo motor
OLED display
Jumper wires
Breadboard or prototype board
5V power supply
Lockable enclosure or cabinet for the locker

Instructions

Step 1. Hardware set-up
Begin by connecting the RFID reader module to Arduino UNO using the jumper wires. Ensure the breadboard’s power rails are connected to Arduino’s power and ground pins. The servo’s 5V must also connect with the OLED and RFID.

How to connect the RFID board to Arduino:

SDA to D10
SCK to D13
MOSI to D11
MISO to D12
RST to D9

For the OLED display, connect:

SCK to A5
SDA to A4

Additionally, the servo’s signal pin must connect with Arduino’s D6. The servo acts as the locking mechanism for the locker. Once all of the components connected, you’re ready to add Arduino’s program to the board.

Figure 3. Circuit diagram

Mount the components securely on a breadboard or prototype board.

Step 2: Programming Arduino

Ensure Arduino IDE is installed on your computer.
Write the code to interface the RFID reader module. This code will read the unique IDs of the RFID tags and compare them with a list of authorized IDs.
Implement the logic to control the servo motor, based on the detected RFID tag. When an authorized tag is detected, the servo unlocks the locker, and when an unauthorized tag is detected, the servo remains locked.

The code

Step 3. The locker set-up

Design or procure a locker that can secure objects and provide access to the locker compartment.
Install the servo motor outside the locker in a way that it can actuate the locking mechanism.
One door should open and close the mechanism while another door will be equipped with the electronics like RFID board and OLED board.
Place RFID tags on items or cards that will serve as access keys for the locker. Assign each tag a unique ID and store these IDs within Arduino’s code.

Step 4. Test the system

Power up the system.
Test the system by presenting the RFID tag to the reader. Verify that the locker unlocks when the authorized tag is detected and remains locked for unauthorized ones.

Step 5. Final assembly

Once testing is successful, finalize the assembly of the components inside the locker enclosure.
Secure all connections and components to prevent damage or tampering.
Label the RFID tag.
Provide instructions for users on how to access the locker using their assigned tags.

Conclusion

By following the above steps, it’s possible to successfully build an RFID-based locker system that offers secure storage for valuables or sensitive items. This project demonstrates the adaptability of RFID technology in creating efficient and user-friendly security solutions.

Be sure to thoroughly test the system to verify that all components function properly and reliably before deploying it for practical use.