8051 and 8051 Microcontroller

Table of Contents:

  1. 8051 and 8051 Microcontroller
  2. Features of 8051
  3. History & Developments
  4. Application

A microcontroller is an economical computer-on-a-chip built for dealing with specific tasks, such as displaying or receiving information through LEDs or remote controlled devices. The most commonly used set of microcontrollers belong to 8051 Family. 8051 Microcontrollers continue to remain a preferred choice for a vast community of hobbyists and professionals. Through 8051, the world became witness to the most revolutionary set of microcontrollers.

 

8051 Microcontroller, 8051 Family

8051 Family

Intel fabricated the original 8051 which is known as MCS-51. The other two members of the 8051 family are:
i.     8052 – This microcontroller has 256 bytes of RAM and 3 timers. In addition to the standard features of 8051, this microcontroller has an added 128 bytes of RAM and timer. It has 8K bytes of on chip program ROM. The programs written for projects using 8051 microcontroller can be used to run on the projects using 8052 microcontroller as 8051 is a subset of 8052.
 
ii.    8031 – This microcontroller has all the features of 8051 except for it to be ROM-less.  An external ROM that can be as large as 64 K bytes should be programmed and added to this chip for execution. The disadvantage of adding external ROM is that 2 ports (out of the 4 ports) are used. Hence, only 2 ports are left for I/O operations which can also be added externally if required for execution.
 
Comparison of 8051 family members:
Features 8051 8052  8031 
RAM(bytes)
128
256
128
ROM
4K
8K
0K
Timers
2
3
2
Serial port
1
1
1
I/O pins
32
32
32
Interrupt sources
6
8
6
Table – 1.1 Comparison of 8051 family members

 

Various 8051 microcontrollers

 

8051 microcontrollers use two different kinds of memory such as UV- EPROM, Flash and NV-RAM. Hence 8051 will not be seen in the part number even though it is the most popular member of the 8051 family.
        i.            8751 – This microcontroller is the UV-EPROM version of 8051. This chip has only 4K bytes of UV-EPROM. It is required to have access to the PROM burner and the UV-EPROM eraser to erase the contents inside the chip before it is programmed again. The disadvantage of using this memory is the waiting time of around 20 minutes to erase the contents in order to program it again. Due to this limitation, manufacturers fabricated flash and NV-RAM versions of 8051.
 
      ii.            AT89C51 from Atmel Corporation – Atmel fabricated the flash ROM version of 8051 which is popularly known as AT89C51 (‘C’ in the part number indicates CMOS). The flash memory can erase the contents within seconds which is best for fast growth. Therefore, 8751 is replaced by AT89C51 to eradicate the waiting time required to erase the contents and hence expedite the development time. To build up a microcontroller based system using AT89C51, it is essential to have ROM burner that supports flash memory. Note that in Flash memory, entire contents must be erased to program it again. The contents are erased by the ROM burner. Atmel is working on a newer version of AT89C51 that can be programmed using the serial COM port of IBM PC in order to get rid of the ROM burner.
            
Part Number ROM  RAM I/O pins  Timer  Interrupt

Vcc

Packaging 
4K
128
32
2
6
5V
40
8K
256
32
3
8
5V
40
AT89C1051
1K
64
15
1
3
3V
20
AT89C2051
2K
128
32
3
8
3V
20
AT89LV51
4K
128
32
2
6
3V
40
AT89LV52
8K
128
32
3
8
3V
40
Table 1.2 – Versions of 8951 from Atmel (All ROM Flash)
 
There are different versions of packaging and various speed of the products mentioned in the above table.
Part Number Speed  Pins  Packaging  Use 
AT89C51-12PC
12MHz
40
DIP Plastic
Commercial
AT89C51-16PC
16MHz
40
DIP Plastic
Commercial
AT89C51-20PC
20MHz
40
DIP Plastic
Commercial
Table 1.3 – Various Speeds of 8051 from Atmel
 
Note: The part number AT89C51-16PC where AT – Atmel, C - CMOS (consumes less power), 12 - Speed as 12 MHz, P – Plastic DIP packaging, C - Commercial use. AT89C51-12PC is favourably used by students for their projects.
 
iii.   DS5000 from Dallas Semiconductor – Dallas Semiconductor fabricated the NV-RAM version of the 8051 which is known as DS5000. The PC serial port is utilized to load the program onto the in-built ROM. The advantage of NV-RAM memory is the facility to erase the contents one byte at a time.
      v.             
Part Number RAM ROM Timers I/O pins Interrupts VccPackaging 
DS5000-8
128
8K
2
32
6
5V
40
DS5000-32
128
32K
2
32
6
5V
40
DS5000T-8
128
8K
2
32
6
5V
40
DS5000T-8
128
32K
2
32
6
5V
40
Table 1.4 – Versions of 8051 from Dallas Semiconductor
 
Note: ‘T’ signifies the real time clock (RTC) which is different from the timer. Even though the power is turned off, the real – time clock generates and displays the date and the time of day.
 
The variety range of speed and packaging versions of DS5000 which is shown in the Table 1.5
Part Number NV-RAM  Speed 
DS5000-8-8
8K
8MHz
DS5000-8-12
8K
12MHz
DS5000-32-8
32K
8MHz
DS5000-32-12
32K
12MHz
DS5000T-8-12
8K
12MHz
DS5000T-32-8
32K
8MHz
Table 1.5 – Versions of 8051 Dallas Semiconductor
 
Note: The part number DS5000-8-8 where 8 - 8K NV-RAM, 8 – Speed of 8MHz. DS5000-8-12 is favourably used by students for their projects.
 
iv.    One - Time - Programmable (OTP) versions of the 8051 – This version of microcontroller is cheaper and available from various manufacturers. The manufacturers use OTP microcontroller for mass production because the price per unit is very cheap.
 
 

Comments (77)

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Submitted by cont on Thu, 23/06/2011 - 22:45.

SANDEEP, CAN YOU POST THE LINK OF THE SOFTWARE THAT CAN BE USED TO PROGRAM THE PIC8051 OR WHERE CAN I FIND THE SOFTWARE?...THANKS

 

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 Nice info, though i would like to know where are interrupts used in the applications.

I have just read about it but haven't seen them in action in any of the books or applications.

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RIDE

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will you provide me program with assembly language on project LCD BASED ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE.

If so please email me the same at siddheshsarvankar92@gmail.com

 

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The information is very useful. Please provide more info on C programming 89C51 microcontroller focussing on headers , initialization , i/p and o/p configuring methods, interupt initialization,...etc. This will greatly help in starting a project.

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At Table 1.2, AT89C52 appears

Submitted by Valentino on Sun, 15/05/2011 - 23:36.

At Table 1.2, AT89C52 appears to have a typo at the RAM which should be 256 and not 128.

Just a 2 cent worth opinion. Nevertheless, great information.            

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can any one help me to choose  software for burning code in AT89c51 and how to choose a burner

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hi i am doing a project on ivrs based industrial controlled system. can you please sent me required circuit diagram alongwith source code written in c language

 

which compiler is used in

Submitted by apurahman on Sun, 30/10/2011 - 11:01.

which compiler is used in 8051 microcontroller programming (KEIL oR OTHER) ?

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Sir,i am working in a company

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 26/07/2012 - 11:04.

Sir,

i am working in a company so don't have sufficient knowledge for this project.

I want full led board 12*12 matrix with led controller,drivers etc

and the other things is that i want to operate this led by remote control.

 

will it be possible to interface 8051 microcontroller?


just provide me

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2. cost of that components.

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4. layout

5. specification of that project.
 

hii its a nice website it

Submitted by alekhya narra on Mon, 22/04/2013 - 10:51.

hii its a nice website it helps all the trainees in embedded......

can you please help me??

i want the program source code for the printing of ascii characters on lcd display in 8051 by using keil software

 

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Submitted by Anonymous on Fri, 03/08/2012 - 18:11.

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I have included this on my blog as a reference tutorial so my readers can benefit from this. I also have started writing about the 8051 microcontroller as I simply love working on it.

 

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Submitted by electronicsengineer on Tue, 11/09/2012 - 12:20.

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can u give post the flowchat

Submitted by priyanka g on Sun, 07/04/2013 - 12:47.

can u give post the flowchat of project of electronic voting machine usine using ic AT89c51 with

led display

 

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sorry to say this but its a waste website nobody is responding for my queries...compared to edaboard urs website is waste atleast they clarrify my doubts upto some extent...but in ur site no response from ur side....

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